Orm

One struct, one

Every Rust field type the Model derive recognises, what it maps to on Postgres and SQLite, and how to handle column constraints (length, default, unique, index).

Declare foreign keys with ForeignKey<T>, what DDL gets emitted, and how to load the referenced row at runtime.

The full QuerySet surface: F-expressions, Q-objects, exclude, projections, sugar, subqueries, set ops, JSON ops, and the write-side terminals (update_or_create, bulk_update, raw).

Count, Sum, Avg, Max, Min on a QuerySet, with single-row aggregates and GROUP BY annotate.

Atomic multi-statement operations - commit on Ok, roll back on Err.

Lifecycle hooks fired by the ORM (per-row, bulk, m2m) plus the actor task-local that flows through every payload.

Tag a model with soft_delete and deletes become reversible. Rows hide instead of dying.

#[derive(Form)] on a model with ForeignKey, OneToOne, M2M, and choices fields. FK/O2O become a ModelChoice, M2M a ModelMultiChoice, choices a Select, and reverse relations are auto-skipped.

Span relations in one round-trip with INNER/LEFT/RIGHT control, nested paths, auto-inference, and an M2M-hop chain.

FileField and ImageField store a Storage key in a TEXT column and resolve it to a public URL through the ambient storage backend.

Encrypt sensitive columns at rest with public-key cryptography. GDPR-style field encryption with Masked<T>.

Search several models at once and get one relevance-ranked list of hits.

Route different models to different databases with named pools, per-model and per-plugin routing, per-database migrations.

Take over how umbral picks the database and read/write target per request - read replicas and custom per-request routing.

Configure the database connection pool - max/min connections, acquire/idle timeouts, max lifetime, and pre-acquire health checks - plus graceful shutdown.